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Mankind under threat from low sperm
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LONDON - The future of humanity is under threat from a dramatic global decline in sperm counts, said scientists.
Analysing data from 53 countries on six continents, researchers found that average sperm concentrations fell from an estimated 101.2m per ml in 1973 to 49m in 2018, and total sperm counts fell by 62%.
“We have a serious problem on our hands that, if not mitigated, could threaten mankind’s survival,” said said Professor Hagai Levine, one of the authors of the study, which was published in Human Reproduction Update.
The world’s population quadrupled in the 20th century due to high fertility rates and increasing life spans. But that upward trend is predicted to go into reverse by the start of the next century.
According to a July 2022 report from the United Nations, human population is expected to peak in the 2080s and start declining by 2100.
Evidence of this has already been seen in several countries. The US has seen birth rates decline 20% between 2007 and 2020. Even in China, where its one-child policy sought to halt a population explosion, the fertility rate now stands at 1.16, barely half the average of 2.1 births required to maintain its population level.
This raises questions about what is causing these issues and whether, ultimately, falling birth rates are the “demographic crisis” some commentators fear.
Why is it happening?
The pandemic knocked the birth rates for many countries. In 2020 the UK’s rate fell to 1.58 children per woman, the lowest since 2002. It also played a “major role” in the US having its slowest year of population growth in 2021, said The New York Times.
But this trend is also due to several long-term factors such as economic prosperity, lower infant mortality and greater gender equality. Further factors such as improved access to education and contraception suggest population decline could be seen as a sign of improved living standards.
But the decline of birth rates can also be attributed to a rising cost of living, said The Telegraph. The lack of affordable housing and cost of childcare has made having a child too much of a financial burden for many families.
One 27-year-old woman told The Telegraph that despite her and her partner taking home £70,000 a year combined, with rising bills “there is no way” she could have a child “without getting into debt”. These “barriers to parenthood”, said the Telegraph, are behind the increase in the average age a British woman has her first child – from 26.5 years old in 2000 to 29.1 in 2020.
What effect will it have?
A key concept in economics “is the more people you have, the more goods or services they can produce and the more they can consume – so population growth is the best friend of economic growth”, said the BBC.
An ageing population will instead result in fewer workers and an increased number of dependents. This could mean a “drain on resources”, said The Spectator. An example of this is Japan, where there is a “huge, low-skilled, ageing cohort which depresses savings and investment and slows economic growth”.
In the UK, declining birth rates could bring “all sorts of painful economic consequences”, said The Telegraph. With a shortage of younger people there will be less funds for pensions and, in addition, an ageing population will cause further strain on the NHS.
Changing birth rates “could lead to a hyper liberal future”, said Newsweek. A recent study of parenthood found that those who want to be parents or who already had children were more likely to hold conservative values.
These findings suggest “profound implications for the political landscape of the future” as global increases in childlessness could contribute to a process of liberalisation, according to the magazine.
What are governments doing about it?
Alarmed by falling birth rates, the Chinese government has released guidelines “to encourage fertility and reduce the nation’s abortions”, said The Spectator.
Singapore has also attempted direct action, employing a range of measures from a service offering advice about married life to a “baby bonus scheme”, whereby couples are offered cash to have second and third children.
In Poland, efforts are also being made to lower the financial burden for young parents. Since 2016, parents have been offered 500 zloty (£89) per child per month as part of the government’s family programme. However, after an initial boost, “the birth rate is roughly back to where it was”, noted The Telegraph.
Is it a cause for concern?
Billionaire Elon Musk recently tweeted: “Population collapse due to low birth rates is a much bigger risk to civilization than global warming.”
In the US, the National Review described a stalling population as “the death of hope” while The Washington Post called it a “blinking [warning] light ahead”.
However, projections on the impact of declining birth rates are often “unreliable”, said The New York Times. Estimates are “poorly equipped” to account for “technological and environmental shocks that could cause demographic swings” such as the growing impact of climate change.
As Daniel Moss explained on Bloomberg, while Japan has faced long-standing issues regarding an ageing population, GDP per capita has remained stable and unemployment is low.
“Despite the caricature of the country as an economic failure in the grip of terminal decline, life goes on,” he said.
George Clooney ‘turned down 35 million dollars for one day’s work’
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LONDON - George Clooney has said he was offered 35 million US dollars (around £26.3 million) for “one day’s work” but turned it down.
The Hollywood star said the offer was for him to star in an airline commercial but that, after speaking to his wife, human rights lawyer Amal, he had decided against it.
He told the Guardian: “I was offered 35 million dollars for one day’s work for an airline commercial, but I talked to Amal about it and we decided it’s not worth it.
“It was (associated with) a country that, although it’s an ally, is questionable at times, and so I thought ‘Well, if it takes a minute’s sleep away from me, it’s not worth it’.”
Clooney, who celebrated his 60th birthday in May, married Amal in 2014 and they have two children, twins Ella and Alexander, born in June 2017.
Speaking about childcare, he said they only have a nanny “four days a week”, as “it’s so important to Amal (to be involved)”.
He told the newspaper: “And during lockdown it was just us – for a full year! I felt like my mother in 1964 – doing dishes and six loads of laundry a day.”
The Clooneys were guests at the star-studded wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex in May 2018 and were given VIP seats in the Quire of St George’s Chapel, Windsor.
The actor has directed The Tender Bar, a coming-of-age film based on a book of the same name by JR Moehringer, which tells the story of a boy who seeks father figures at a bar run by his uncle.
The movie, released this month, is set in New York and stars Ben Affleck as bar owner Charlie, with Tye Sheridan playiing his nephew J.R.
It had its UK premiere in October at the London Film Festival, where Clooney said it had given him a welcome break from the “pretty dark” types of movie he normally works on.
“Most of the films I do are pretty dark and this one felt light, and it felt like the world was pretty dark so I wanted to work on something that was a little lighter, you know,” he said.
Central Europe struggles with new Covid-19 wave
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BUDAPEST - A new wave of Covid-19 infections has been sweeping through central Europe, where the vaccination rate is generally below the EU average - partly due to low trust in institutions.
Hungary reported 10,265 new Covid-19 infections on Wednesday (17 November), its highest daily tally since the end of March, the government said .
The government also said that 178 people died in the previous 24 hours, and 5,852 people are in hospital, with 565 patients on ventilators.
21st century citizens
In practically every country, large majorities of youth said their countries would be safer from COVID-19 and other threats if Governments would work together, rather than on their own.
They have also demonstrated stronger support for LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer) rights, with young women at the forefront for equality.
The survey also revealed a strong alignment between the two generations, including on the issues of climate, education, global collaboration, though some of the deepest divides occurred around optimism, global mindedness and recognition of historical progress.
“While this research paints a nuanced view of the generational divide, a clear picture emerges: Children and young people embody the spirit of the 21st century far more readily than their parents,” said Ms. Fore.
“As UNICEF prepares to mark its 75th anniversary next month, and ahead of World Children’s Day, it is critical we listen to young people directly about their well-being and how their lives are changing”.
While about 60 percent of people in Western Europe are fully immunized against Covid-19, only about half as many are vaccinated in the eastern part of the continent, where officials are struggling to overcome widespread vaccine hesitancy.
Within Europe, WHO said the highest numbers of new cases were in Russia, Germany and Britain. It noted that deaths jumped by 67 percent in Norway and by 38 percent in Slovakia.
The health agency previously described Europe as the epicenter of the ongoing pandemic and warned that there could be 500,000 more deaths by February if urgent actions aren’t taken on the continent.
In the last week, Austria has put tight restrictions on the movement of unvaccinated people, the Netherlands and some other European countries have reintroduced lockdown measures to try to slow infections, and the UK decided to roll out booster doses to everyone over 40.
OECD Health at a Glance 2021
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PARIS - Results from Health at a Glance 2021 underline the need to strengthen resilience of health systems. COVID-19 contributed, directly and indirectly, to a 16% increase in the expected number of deaths in 2020 and the first half of 2021 across OECD countries. Life expectancy fell in 24 of 30 countries. Older people and socially disadvantaged groups are more likely to be severely ill or die from the virus.
In the 12 OECD countries with vaccinations rates above 65% (as of mid-October), weekly deaths from COVID-19 have fallen by an average of 86% since late-January 2021. However, vaccination rates remain very low in many developing countries.
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